The move is a sign of strengthening economic and political ties between the two nations.
Inter RAO CEO Boris Kovalchuk told reporters the company would examine the cost and timetable required to build the 8-gigawatt plant, which would likely use coal from the Erkovetskaya deposit in the Amur region of Russia's Far East.
Taiwan currently has the largest coal-fired plant in Taichung, with a capacity of 5.5GW.
Inter RAO is already a supplier of electricity to China.
Inter RAO subsidiary East Energy Company increased electricity exports to China by 33% last year to 3.5 billion kilowatt-hours.
Analysts estimate that building the proposed plant will cost more than $US12 billion ($A12.9 billion).
China regularly faces power shortages during peak consumption periods as a result of surging coal prices and coal supply shortages as well as transmission capacity limitations.
