The study – Age Related Changes in Work Ability and Injury Risk in Coal Miners by Tony Parker, Charles Worringham, Kristi Greig and Shelley Woods – aimed to gain a better understanding of the relationships between the capacities of the older worker, the nature of the work demands, and specific injury and health issues. By understanding this, the project was able to suggest strategies to prevent injury, reduce injury impact, and maintain good health in the older workforce.
The study involved 1800 workers surveyed across 22 mine sites in Queensland and New South Wales. Underground mines involved in the study included Xstrata Coal’s Beltana, Newlands Underground North and South, Oaky Creek North and No. 1, and United; BMA’s Crinum; Rio Tinto’s Kestrel; and Mastermyne Contractor workers at Crinum East.
The results of this study were based on workers’ own reports of their working conditions, workplace exposures, the physical and mental demands of their work, and their health status. A Work Ability Index (WAI) was used to measure data, and scores were analysed according to age, mine type and job category.
The results showed a decrease in WAI across the age groups was more pronounced in the underground than the opencut sector.
Mechanics/fitters, electricians, operator-maintainer/mine workers and deputies all had significantly lower WAI scores than professional/administrative staff in the opencut sector. This was not true for the underground sector.
There was a significant overall decrease across age groups in ratings of work ability with the physical demands of work, especially with underground workers.
Electricians and mechanics/fitters had significantly lower mean work ability with respect to physical demands of work than those in the operator-maintainer/mine worker category.
Underground deputies, electricians and mechanics/fitters had significantly lower mean work ability scores than those in the operator/maintainer and professional/administrative categories, whether in relation to physical or to mental demands of their work.
Of those surveyed, 20.7% had a current injury, with almost half of the respondents indicating injury involving the back. Respiratory (12%), sensory (10%) and cardiovascular conditions (8%) were ranked behind injury and musculoskeletal disorders.
The number of reported injuries increased significantly with age and underground workers appeared more likely to suffer injury than their opencut counterparts. There were significant differences in the rate of reported injuries between job categories with underground mechanics and fitters reporting the highest rate of any job category.
Consistent with national population data, there was a clear effect of age group on the reports of cardiovascular conditions, with workers in their 50’s reporting more than 10 times the rate of those in their 20’s.
The number of reported mental conditions also increased significantly with age and almost 3% of workers reported having at least one mental condition diagnosed by a doctor – predominantly insomnia or sleep apnoea.
The researchers made several recommendations under health, work organisation, work environment, education and training and research categories.
Health
Review current health surveillance practices so as to develop a more preventative and proactive approach to health management, consistent with the needs of older workers.
Medical assessments to incorporate evaluation of psychological and sleep disorders.
A more holistic health care approach to be implemented, including measures to promote work ability among older workers.
Review the extent to which current regulations provide protection to prevent morbidity (ill-health) in older workers and protect those who stay in the workforce.
Work organisation
Physical work demands (eg repetitive work, poor work postures and manual handling) should be reduced for older workers consistent with changes in functional capacity.
Review shiftwork arrangements to reduce excessively long hours for older workers, and provide flexible arrangements and the opportunity to avoid night work.
Work environment
Higher priority should be given to the mitigation of harmful work environment variables such as uneven ground, vibration, wet conditions, poor illumination and poor ergonomics. Where complete mitigation is not possible, tighter exposure standards for older workers should be developed.
Develop methods to assess exposure to mechanical loading, awkward postures and other risk factors for musculoskeletal injury.
Education and training
Industry to implement training programs for managers and supervisors to raise their awareness of the issues facing older workers and to provide information on the principles and processes involved in managing the older worker.
Industry to enhance the awareness and training of medical personnel in detecting work-related medical problems of older workers.
Research
Industry to implement and support a research program designed to address key questions related to the ageing of the mining workforce.
The full report can be purchased at www.acarp.com.au